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Grids of GEM version 4 and up are horizontally (Arakawa C-grid) and vertically staggered.
Vertical model-level structure
Vertical model-level structure showing ζ levels as functions of pressure for values below 200 hPa (where the surface is at sea level) in a typical operational configuration. A sinusoidal mountain extending to 600 hPa in the center of the domain demonstrates the compaction of levels on high terrain. (left) The rectification coefficients are rmin = rmax = 4.5; (right) rmin = 2 and rmax = 100 provide a much faster rectification. Citation: Monthly Weather Review 142, 3; 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00255.1 |
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